![]() There is always a fine balance to strike – unrealistic views will only lead to failures, while taking charge with a wise optimism mindset can lead to excellent performance - and a suitable way out of a crisis. That’s why in times of national crisis, great leaders always do their utmost to lead their people by keeping an optimistic outlook. This is detrimental to our own individual health, and can even spell disaster within a workplace. If we are not focused on maintaining our sense of optimism amidst chaos, we risk descending into a state of apathy, even pessimism. Optimism should develop through a crisis. It encourages you to put your focus on the fullness of the glass, to see the good along with the bad, and to always be on the lookout for the silver lining in a dark cloud. Wise optimism allows you to look at a glass, and acknowledge that while it’s half empty, it’s also half full. Instead, he or she disengages from problems that appear unsolvable – then attends to those problems that can be solved. The person using wise optimism does not miss the negatives. Unlike blind or naïve optimism, wise optimism is active, not passive. We call it “wise” optimism because it is grounded in reality, meaning that it improves one’s chances of dealing with setbacks and failures. The former is known as naive optimism while the latter is what we call wise optimism. To know this, you have to first understand the important difference between “blind optimism” and “realistic optimism”. Many people are not aware that optimism is an active goal-oriented process. Sounds easy? Well, just think again about your own work or personal experiences and recall how hard it was for you to feel good or happy when the going was tough! You can view it as “half-full” or “half-empty” – therein lies your perspective of being optimistic or pessimistic. Many of us already know the optimism-pessimism analogy with the answer to the question, “How full is the glass?” “Optimism is considered to be the general attitude that fuels resilience,” notes Rasmus Hougaard, founder of Potential Project, a global research and leadership development firm. Why does optimism shine through like a beacon of light to guide people through dark, uncertain times? In fact, optimism was 2.3 times more prevalent among them than for those who saw COVID-19 for only its negative effects. Indeed, the AIA survey showed that in this group, an overwhelming 97% felt maintaining an optimistic outlook on life gave the biggest positive impact. If you already adopt at least seven of the above eight ingredients, it is likely that COVID-19 has had less of a negative impact on you. Only 15% of those surveyed believed they were adopting these key ingredients - the large majority of 85% felt they were not doing it.Ĭollaborating with some 80 experts from leading institutions, businesses and governments across the region, the AIA study had established these eight key ingredients as: Participants were asked to rate their own lives against eight positive attitudes for a life that is healthier, longer and better. The AIA study reached out to over 6,000 people across Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. Given the new normal that we live with nowadays, AIA commissioned a unique study across the Asia-Pacific region in Dec 2020, to find out how people make a positive difference to their own lives. How to live healthier, longer and better lives in these pandemic times? We all want to know the answer to this question, not just the experts alone.
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![]() The grandeur of mountains can provide a perfect symmetrical backdrop for your wedding or engagement photoshoot. The mountains can also create highlights and shadows that let you frame the subject in the brightest area in the frame. The reflection of a couple standing in or behind a body of water like a tranquil lake, calm river or swimming pool creates an almost magical twin image. Grandview Vineyard in Mount Joy, Pennsylvania. Positioning the couple in the center of symmetrical lights or light patterns can create a dramatic and balanced visual appeal. © Ladman Studios Find Symmetry with Lights Elizabeth Parish in Ludlow, Massachusetts. The Barn at McCall Springs in Harrodsburg, Kentucky. © Jeff Tisman, Jeff Tisman Photography Create Symmetry Using Reflective Objects such as a PrismĪ prism or other reflective objects can cast symmetrical light rays or reflections, encapsulating the couple in mesmerizing patterns. Pleasantdale Chateau in West Orange, New Jersey. Shooting from above with the subject lying on symmetrical tiles, circles or amidst identical patterns, provides a fresh perspective. © Courtland Photography Find Symmetry with a Top-Down View ![]() © Jason Vinson, Vinson Images Dairy Block in Denver, Colorado. Posing against intricate artworks or murals that display symmetry can add a dash of color, interest and culture to wedding photographs. Incorporating art within art and combining that with an interesting symmetrical composition can lead to unique and expressive imagery. Find Symmetry with Art and Murals as Backgrounds All images are provided by the photographers at Wedding Maps and used with their permission. In this article, we’ll delve into some tips for using symmetry in wedding and portrait photography that can make your photos stand out. The inherent balance and proportion in symmetrical images evoke a sense of harmony and perfection. One such technique is symmetry in photography, which includes concepts like reflective symmetry, vertical and horizontal symmetry, and even near symmetry, when the two reflective elements have slight variations. ![]() Clip Studio Paint being the digital version and Manga Studio the physical version.Wedding photographers have a variety of creative techniques to use in any situation to bring out their vision and create unique artistry. (Unofficial) Clip Studio Discussions Discord Server - Another channel to hang out and chat.Ĭlip Studio Paint and Manga Studio is basically the same product. Works great in addition to Clip Studio Paint's stabilizers.Īdditional Online Discussion Boards for Clip Studio Products: If you have the shakes like me and need some handicap assistance to make great line art then this is the tool for you. As well exporting models as OBJ or FBX to import into Clip Studio Modeler. Excellent for creating references from scratch. If you really like them then feel free to shoot Scott a donation.ĭAZ Studio - Completely Free 3D Posing, Animating, Rendering and Figure morphing software. Scott Drummond's Clip Studio Paint Pens Pack - Free custom brush pack. Liquify Brush - Brush to morph various parts of your art piece. LeslieLu Marie: Clip Studio Paint Time Savers - Great tips for speeding up workflows. Scott Drummond: Create Custom Brushes in Clip Studio Paint - In depth guide to creating custom brushes This can also be used in Autodesk 3DStudio Max and Maya with additional plugin software.Īdditional Resources recommended by members:Ĭlip Studio Paint Official Tips & Tutorials QUMARION - USB Interface Doll used to assist in posing 3D models within the Clip Studio Product line. Plans to release them internationally is currently unknown.Ĭlip Studio Coordinate - Create Bones for your 3D Models.Ĭlip Studio Action - Animate your 3D Models. Post News, Questions or anything Clip Studio related.Ĭlip Studio Modeler - Create and Customize your own 3D Models.Ĭlip Studio Tabmate - Handheld device that can be used with pen tablets and tablet PCs so that you can more easily create your illustrations, comics, cartoons, and animations.Īll products below are for Japan. ![]() Standard Theme - the default subreddit theme.For more features, check out the Github page. ![]() Edit your comment? Bot reply not there? Reply with ffnbot!refresh to re-link fics.You can link multiple fics by using semicolons.Įx: linkffn(The Lives Worth Saving Sage).Linking by fic ID or URL will always work. ![]() Linking by fic title and author will almost always work.Įx: linkffn(The Lives Worth Saving by cywsaphyre).Linking by fic title will usually work.Check out /u/Tusing's Github page for more technical info!.It is available on /r/NarutoFanfiction by his good graces, so send your thanks his way! We all really appreciate it. /u/FanfictionBot was developed by /u/Tusing for /r/HPFanfiction./r/NarutoAkiden - A fan-made reboot of the Naruto manga./r/WritingPrompts - A great place to flex your creative muscles./r/writing - An excellent resource for those interested in writing - whether it be for professional reasons or otherwise./r/Naruto - The official Naruto subreddit./r/BokunoheroFanfiction - for BNHA fanfics./r/HPFanfiction - Your one-stop shop for all things Harry Potter fanfiction./r/WormFanfic - Fanfiction discussions for the Worm franchise./r/Fanfiction - The largest fanfiction community on Reddit.What We Want to See More of in Naruto Fics - a discussion by the people of this subreddit on what we would like to read.Let's Talk Writing! - a discussion by the people of this subreddit on what you should and shouldn't do when you write.Novels Don't Have Author's Notes by Kryallaorchid on Tumblr.So You Want to Interact With a Fanfiction Author by Fiadorable on Tumblr.Comments and Criticism - Topics to Thaw Brainfreeze by Tabetharasa on Tumblr.Treat sensitive topics (rape, incest, etc.) as just that.Įxcellent Resources How to Leave Constructive Reviews Anything goes, but please be aware of the humans on the other side of the screen. NSFW posts are okay, just please PLEASE be sure to tag them as such. Non-tagged self-promotion posts will be removed. Self promotion is allowed, but you MUST TAG IT AS SUCH. Post and discuss all story ideas in the story ideas thread, found here. If your recommended fic is self promotion, mark it as self promotion instead. EXPLAIN WHY YOU ARE RECOMMENDING THE FIC. Give a description of the story, rating, and word-count of the story (if available) in the text field, as well as a link to the story. Give the title and author of the story in the submission's headline. LOW EFFORT FIC REQUEST POSTS ARE NOT ALLOWED. If you mention a fic, please link back to it, either using FanfictionBot or a link. ![]() "LF a fic where Naruto went back in time to save his dad but failed"), then please tag your post as Fic Search.
![]() They can also be possessed by Specters Mausoleums. it says that it does 55 damage but instead it ticks for 50 damage. For these levels, a strategy that works well is using balanced and relatively cheap towers (shadow archers, bone flingers, infernal mages are some examples), invest first in physical damage to deal with the spawners (apex stalkers, etc) then crowd control and magic damage for tanks. It does not get applied properly to the wicked sisters poison form. ![]() For all the advantages they have in proximity and health, their attack is mediocre and they are susceptible to Instant Kills, which makes them particularly vulnerable to max level Dark Knights with Brutal Strike. A damage buff is applied to all towers when you get the master architects in the upper left corner. ![]() One of the three houses is dangerously close to the exit, so the player should have decent stalling power and some towers to kill it, preferably an Infernal Mage, Orc Shaman, or a Blazing Gem. Throughout the level, however, three of these houses will rise from the ground and follow the path to the exit. 'We found him' Summons an elite shaolin monk to the path. Highly trained in martial arts, the monks of this temple have transcended to use their skills for all eternity. These houses, before they are awakened, will sit idle at various places on the side of the track, seemingly just part of the scenery. The Shaolin Temple is a premium tower introduced in Kingdom Rush: Vengeance, available as an in-app purchase that costs 3.99. Moving to another neighborhood has never been easier. 150 Golem House is a special enemy found in Kingdom Rush: Vengeance, only encountered in City of Lozagon.įormer structures animated by Magnus Spellbane's magic. ![]() As in other species ranging from the Great Egret to the Great Horned Owl, the first kite chick sometimes kills its younger, smaller sibling. In addition to towering trees, successful nesting requires nearby open areas where the birds find prey.įrom hatching to fledging, young Swallow-tailed Kites spend up to six weeks in the nest. Pairs build their nests high in the crowns of tall trees such as pine, bald cypress, or cottonwood. When ready to nest, they build a shallow cup of twigs, lined with Spanish moss or other soft vegetation. They even drink on the wing, skimming the water's surface to collect water, as do swallows.ĭuring courtship, Swallow-tailed Kites spend a lot of time diving, chasing, and vocalizing. Unusual for raptors, Swallow-tailed Kites will eat fruit, especially on their wintering grounds. In South Florida, where Swallow-tailed Kites sometimes nest in suburbs, their diet includes hatchlings of the introduced and thriving Green Iguana. But these predatory acrobats don't limit themselves to invertebrates: As they cruise the treetops, they also snag snakes, lizards, treefrogs, and even small bird nestlings and eggs. ![]() Swallow-tailed Kites primarily eat flying insects such as dragonflies and cicadas, which they capture and consume on the wing. (Audio: Swallow-tailed Kite flight call by Dusan M. Swallow-tailed Kite (Elanoides forficatus yetapa).One of its calls is a high-pitched, whistled klee-klee-klee. This bird is usually seen in flight, often high over the trees, and is not often heard. Its white body and black wings and distinctive tail make it easy to identify. ![]() The other subspecies, comprising the majority of the world's Swallow-tailed Kites, is resident in Central and South America.įrom its bill to the tips of its forked tail, the Swallow-tailed Kite measures almost two feet long, with a wingspan of over four feet. The population that nests in the United States breeds from coastal South Carolina to Florida and west to Louisiana and eastern Texas. ![]() Two Swallow-tailed Kite subspecies are recognized. Other nicknames, such as "Wasp Hawk" or "Snake Hawk," describe the bird's diet of insects and small reptiles. In the 18 th century, the English naturalist and illustrator Mark Catesby originally christened it Accipiter cauda furcata (forked-tail hawk). Numerous NamesĮasy to see overhead in areas where it nests, the Swallow-tailed Kite has gathered many names, including "Forked-tailed Kite" or "Swallow Hawk," nods to its unique appearance and flight style. These birds also migrate in large groups that sometimes number in the thousands. Pairs commonly nest in close proximity, and outside the breeding season, communal night and pre-migratory roosts may attract hundreds of kites. Like the Harris's Hawk, the Swallow-tailed Kite is unusually gregarious for a raptor. In flight, it frequently turns its tail, sometimes to nearly 90 degrees, using it as a rudder to maintain its flight path, veer sharply, or circle. This largest of American kites is a graceful, buoyant flier, so lightweight and maneuverable that it can capture a dragonfly mid-air or pluck a lizard from its treetop hideout - all without a single wing beat. The Swallow-tailed Kite is unmistakable in flight, with its long, pointed wings, deeply forked tail, and contrasting black-and-white plumage. ![]() The questioning skills should also help the teacher to facilitate pupils to reach a good understanding of the core points. When giving some mathematical activities in a classroom, the teaching approach explains how to conduct the activities, paying special attention to the process skills of Mathematics. The general teaching approaches describe how the teacher can lead pupils to the core points through the activities. The teaching hints deal with mainly general teaching approaches and questioning skills for particular teaching activities. Because many of these teaching activities are linked with the core points of the lesson, successful delivery of the teaching activity should lead to a sound understanding of the core points. introduction, Activity 1,2…) in the development of a lesson. It is designed that each of the teaching hints elaborates how to deliver a particular teaching activity (e.g. The teaching hints provide suggested teaching approaches. The speech blobs suggest where each of the teaching hints can be used. The lesson plan with teaching hints is the same as the standard lesson plan on the previous page except for showing the speech blobs (rounded rectangular shapes) on the lesson plan. The sample lesson plans of Type A also contain " lesson plan with teaching hints " on the next page of the standard lesson plan. The format of the lesson plan is the same as the standard lesson plan that Ghana Education Service (GES) provides. The lesson plan (sometimes also called lesson note) is included both Type A and Type B. Further explanation about these can be found in Module 4 (4. " Details about the class " describes the current situation of the class in terms of pupils' general information, academic progress, interests and attitude towards the subject. " states relevant previous knowledge that pupils are expected to have. All the " objectives " are taken from the syllabus. " Introduction " illustrates the importance and relevance of the lesson to a real life. The lesson over view is made up of introduction, objectives of the topic and the lesson, Relevant Previous Knowledge (R.P.K.) and details about the class. On the other hand, sample lesson plans of Type B consist of 2 parts only: lesson plan and English as a teaching tool. Sample lesson plans of Type A consist of 5 parts: lesson over view, lesson plan, teaching hints, use of chalkboar d and English as a teaching tool. The module has 2 types of sample lesson plans, type A and type B. All the sample lesson plans are in accordance with the Ministry of Education (MOE) MATHEMATICS SYLLABUS FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL in Ghana. It briefly discusses the identification of challenging topics. ![]() The module also provides a concise explanation of challenging topics at the beginning of the module. Objectives of this Module: Module 5 comprises sample lesson plans of challenging topics in Mathematics. ![]() You can easily download this fine-quality font with a simple click on the download button which is given below. This fabulous font is available free for everyone. You can use this family according to your interest such as for making posters, invitation cards, banners designs, printing on cloths, writing quotes, book covers as well as for various other purposes. This tremendous typeface is best for various designs. You can also use its generator tool for different projects. When used in combination with Spotify Sans, it helps create a friendly and approachable. Spotify Script is used sparingly, mostly for headlines and logotypes. It’s used for all written communications, from the app and website to marketing materials and social media posts. Spotify Sans is the primary typeface of the Spotify brand. The copy and paste function of this typeface is so classic. For more classic features, you will have to use its alternative formata font which has the same features. ![]() Both fonts are available in four weights (light, regular, bold, and black), and they come with Latin and Cyrillic character sets. The former is a clean and modern sans serif, while the latter is a playful script font. Using a free alternative font, such as “Metropolis” may be a suitable option for personal projects, but it is important to ensure proper usage rights and compliance with any license terms.The Spotify font family comes in two variants: Spotify Sans and Spotify Script. Yes, You can check the appearance of Spotify Font by using a free online generator, which is available online for free.Ĭan I use free alternative fonts for Spotify-related projects? Is there a Spotify font generator available? Yes, Proxima Nova Font, Avenir Font, Open Sans Font, Montserrat Font, Helvetica Neue Font, and Roboto Font are similar fonts to Spotify Font. But for personal usage, you can download it freely from our website.Īre there fonts similar to the Spotify font? The official Spotify font, “Circular,” is not available for free download due to its proprietary nature and possible licensing restrictions for commercial usage. Is the Spotify font available for free download? The font used in the Spotify logo is considered a modified version of “Gotham Medium”, with a slight change to the dot on the letter “i”. Here are some fonts that are similar to the Spotify typeface: This process will automatically install the Spotify font by copying it to the “Windows\Fonts” folder and registering it in the Windows Registry. Right-click on the font file and select the “Install” option from the context menu. The Spotify Font will be downloaded in a zipped archive, unzip the file using WinRar or WinZip. To download Spotify Font and install it on your Windows 10/11, you can follow the following method:įirst, click the download button above. How to Download and Install Spotify Font on Windows PC You can copy and paste the text into the online font generator to check the appearance of the font. You can check the appearance of Spotify Font by using a free online generator, which is available online for free. ![]() In particular, its strong capital letters convey a sense of power. It offers flexibility with four distinct widths and provides extensive language support for different applications. Gotham is a typeface without any lines, created by designer Tobias Freer-Jones in 2000, who was inspired by the architectural vibe of New York City. The Spotify logo probably used a font called Gotham Medium, with a small change to the “i” dot. ![]() ASK ABOUT BEING PUT ON A WAITLIST IF YOUR DESIRED PROVIDER MAY BE CURRENTLY FULL. THERAPIST’S ABILITY TO TAKE NEW CLIENTS VARIES DEPENDING ON THEIR CURRENT CASELOAD. Our therapists offer day, evening and some even weekend appointments. ![]() Some insurances that may be accepted by your therapist are BCBS (except Blue Value or Blue Local), United Healthcare, Aetna, Cigna, Medicare plans, Tricare and Medcost (except CBHA) We also offer private pay options, out of network benefits, as well some sliding scale options. We are a very close knit team and that is yet another strength we bring to the table for our clients, as we support one another and continue to learn, grow and further our clinical skills collaborating and in turn enabling us to provide the absolute best mental health care to all of our clients.Īll therapists are providers for many major health insurance companies. All of our therapists are licensed NC mental health providers with years of clinical experience. Each therapist brings different skill sets, experience and areas of specialization. Please take the time to learn more about each therapist with their individual profiles on the site under “MEET OUR CLINICAL TEAM”. We are both proud and humbled to be meeting and accomplishing that mission every day! Our mission is to be recognized as the best and most effective by each and every client whom we have the privilege to serve. We are so proud of the work that we do and each client who enters our office feels the comfort, warmth, and authenticity immediately. Her vision was to find a team of clinicians who were as passionate as she is about her work and who, like she, feel privileged every single day to be a part of people’s lives in some of their most difficult, vulnerable or darkest times or even through some periods that they just need some extra support in navigating life. Our practice prides itself on our devotion to our clients and our extraordinary care and compassion for each and every client, including providing outstanding customer service to all of our clients. When Michelle expanded her then 12 year old solo practice in the Lake Norman area in 2014 and grew into “Counseling Associates at the Lake, Inc.”. ![]() Liquids are generally considered to be incompressible. A floating body displaces its own weight of the fluid in which it floats.Ĭompressibility is the measure of the change in volume a substance undergoes when a pressure is exerted on the substance. If the body weighs less than that of the displaced liquid, the body will rise to the surface eventually floating at such a depth that will displace a volume of liquid whose weight will just equal its own weight. If a body weighs more than the liquid it displaces, it sinks but will appear to lose an amount of weight equal to that of the displaced liquid, as our rock. When a body is placed in a fluid, it is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the water that it displaces. The amount of this buoyant effect was first computed and stated by the Greek philosopher Archimedes. Boats rely on this buoyant force to stay afloat. When we lift a rock from a stream bed, it suddenly seems heavier on emerging from the water. ![]() When we go swimming, our bodies are held up almost entirely by the water. We all have had numerous opportunities of observing the buoyant effects of a liquid. In actuality, liquids can be slightly compressed at high pressures, resulting in a slight increase in density and a slight decrease in specific volume of the liquid.īuoyancy is defined as the tendency of a body to float or rise when submerged in a fluid. Since liquids are considered incompressible, an increase in pressure will result in no change in density or specific volume of the liquid. As the temperature of the fluid increases, the density decreases and the specific volume increases. Both density and specific volume are dependant on the temperature and somewhat on the pressure of the fluid. Density and specific volume are the inverse of one another. Density, on the other hand, is the mass of a substance per unit volume. ![]() The specific volume of a substance is the volume per unit mass of the substance. Mass was defined as the quantity of matter contained in a body and is to be distinguished from weight, which is measured by the pull of gravity on a body. Common units for pressure are pounds force per square inch (psi). Pressure was defined as the force per unit area. It can be used to predict the direction that heat will be transferred. Temperature was defined as the relative measure of how hot or cold a material is. ![]() These included temperature, pressure, mass, specific volume and density. Several properties of fluids were discussed in the Thermodynamics section of this text. Essentially, fluids are materials which have no repeating crystalline structure. This includes liquids, gases and even some materials which are normally considered solids, such as glass. The third is the conservation of mass (leading to the continuity equation) which will be explained in this module.Ī fluid is any substance which flows because its particles are not rigidly attached to one another. The second is the conservation of energy (leading to the First Law of Thermodynamics) which was studied in thermodynamics. The first is the principle of momentum (leading to equations of fluid forces) which was covered in the manual on Classical Physics. The basic principles of fluid flow include three concepts or principles the first two of which the student has been exposed to in previous manuals. Even though this type of analysis would not be sufficient in the engineering design of systems, it is very useful in understanding the operation of systems and predicting the approximate response of fluid systems to changes in operating parameters. These basic concepts can be applied in solving fluid flow problems through the use of simplifying assumptions and average values, where appropriate. Unlike solids, the particles of fluids move through piping and components at different velocities and are often subjected to different accelerations.Įven though a detailed analysis of fluid flow can be extremely difficult, the basic concepts involved in fluid flow problems are fairly straightforward. Fluid flow systems are also commonly used to provide lubrication.įluid flow in the nuclear field can be complex and is not always subject to rigorous mathematical analysis. Examples of this are the cooling water circulated through a gasoline or diesel engine, the air flow past the windings of a motor, and the flow of water through the core of a nuclear reactor. Frequently, when it is desired to remove heat from the point at which it is generated, some type of fluid is involved in the heat transfer process. The continuity equation expresses the relationship between mass flow rates at different points in a fluid system under steady-state flow conditions.įluid flow is an important part of most industrial processes especially those involving the transfer of heat. Understanding the quantities measured by the volumetric flow rate and mass flow rate is crucial to understanding other fluid flow topics. ![]() Decorative patterned plastic films based on reflective grating patches are inexpensive and commonplace. Diffraction colors also appear when one looks at a bright point source through a translucent fine-pitch umbrella fabric covering. A usual diffraction grating has parallel lines (It is true for 1-dimensional gratings, but 2 or 3-dimensional gratings are also possible and they have their applications such as wavefront measurement), while a CD has a spiral of finely spaced data tracks. Rainbow-like colors from closely spaced narrow tracks on optical data storage disks such as CDs or DVDs are an example of light diffraction caused by diffraction gratings. Ī diffraction grating can create "rainbow" colors when it is illuminated by a wide-spectrum (e.g., continuous) light source. Rogers (1804–1882) took over the lead and, by the end of the 19th century, the concave gratings of Henry Augustus Rowland (1848–1901) were the best available. Gratings with the lowest line distance (d) were created, in the 1860s, by Friedrich Adolph Nobert (1806–1881) in Greifswald then the two Americans Lewis Morris Rutherfurd (1816–1892) and William B. ![]() Using these principles, Fraunhofer was the first to use a diffraction grating to obtain line spectra and the first to measure the wavelengths of spectral lines with a diffraction grating. The principles of diffraction were discovered by Thomas Young and Augustin-Jean Fresnel. This was similar to notable German physicist Joseph von Fraunhofer's wire diffraction grating in 1821. The first man-made diffraction grating was made around 1785 by Philadelphia inventor David Rittenhouse, who strung hairs between two finely threaded screws. James Gregory (1638–1675) observed the diffraction patterns caused by a bird feather, which was effectively the first diffraction grating (in a natural form) to be discovered, about a year after Isaac Newton's prism experiments. Some gratings modulate the phases of incident waves rather than the amplitude, and these types of gratings can be produced frequently by using holography. Such a grating modulates the amplitude of an incident wave to create a diffraction pattern. Contentsįor typical applications, a reflective grating has ridges or rulings on its surface while a transmissive grating has transmissive or hollow slits on its surface. Because of this, diffraction gratings are commonly used in monochromators and spectrometers, but other applications are also possible such as optical encoders for high-precision motion control and wavefront measurement. The grating acts as a dispersive element. The directions or diffraction angles of these beams depend on the wave (light) incident angle to the diffraction grating, the spacing or distance between adjacent diffracting elements (e.g., parallel slits for a transmission grating) on the grating, and the wavelength of the incident light. ![]() The emerging coloration is a form of structural coloration. In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical grating with a periodic structure that diffracts light into several beams traveling in different directions (i.e., different diffraction angles). ( December 2011) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Ī very large reflecting diffraction grating An incandescent light bulb viewed through a diffractive effects filter. 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